Perception and assessment of geodiversity and cultural heritage to promote geotourism in the Irpinia area crossed by the disused Avellino- Rocchetta S. Antonio railway line

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the geodiversity, geomorphodiversity, and cultural heritage along the decommissioned Avellino–Rocchetta S. Antonio railway line. The study area spans 1,589 km² along the inner margin of the Southern Apennines and includes regions in Campania (80.64%), Apulia (18%), and Basilicata (1.29%). This region forms a geo-cultural corridor of strategic importance. The inactive railway traverses an area with significant geological, geomorphological, and landscape diversity, where volcanic systems, carbonate massifs, fluvial basins, and terrigenous complexes coexist, alongside a rich array of historical, cultural, and productive elements. The primary goal of this research is to create a multidisciplinary model that characterises the physical, environmental, and anthropogeographical aspects of the study area. This study will employ quantitative methods to assess geodiversity and geomorphodiversity, and interpret the findings in the context of socioeconomic dynamics and the potential to enhance geoheritage. The specific objectives include constructing an integrated geodatabase, applying quantitative indices to measure geo-lithological, hydrogeological, pedological, land-use, and geomorphological variety, defining landscape units, and evaluating territorial, cultural, and geotouristic implications. The methodology integrates GIS analysis, morphometric processing, thematic classifications, photointerpretation, and quantitative modelling applied on a 1×1 km grid. This approach allows for systematic representation of the physical variability in the study area, enabling comparisons across geographical sectors and among different landscape units. Results indicate that geodiversity predominantly displays low to medium values, whereas geomorphodiversity shows greater complexity, with medium to high values found in terrigenous hilly areas, lithological transition zones, and along major river corridors. Correlations among indices suggest that lithology significantly influences geodiversity, whereas geomorphodiversity is more closely associated with morphometry and drainage density. Differences between the western and eastern sectors confirm a more complex geomorphological structure within the Ofanto basin, aligning with the tectonic framework and the presence of Plio-Pleistocene and volcanic successions. The decommissioned railway represents a promising opportunity for regional planners and tourism developers to create innovative, sustainable geotourism experiences that can enhance local identity and stimulate economic development. The proposed geotouristic itinerary illustrates how quantitative analyses combined with landscape and cultural interpretation can effectively promote geoheritage. This approach encourages stakeholders to adopt integrated conservation strategies and foster sustainable tourism development.