The amendments recently made to the italian copyright law by Article 25 of Law No. 132 of 2025 concern, on the one hand, the training phase of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and models, and, on the other, the creation of works using AI. The reform is interpreted in light of European legislation, in particular Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, known as the Artificial Intelligence Act, as well as Directive (EU) 2019/790. From this perspective, the issues related to the protection of rights on works used in the AI training phase and the fundamental role of text and data mining exceptions in the national and European systems are analyzed, taking into account numerous case law. The same topic is addressed with reference to other legal systems, such as those of the United States and China, assessing the relevance of various factors, especially the preventive measures adopted to avoid copyright infringement. Finally, attention is focused on the protectability of works created through the use of artificial intelligence and on the identifiability of the human author’s imprint.
Le modifiche apportate alla l. 22 aprile 1941, n. 633 (l. dir. aut.) dall’art. 25 della l. 23 settembre 2025 n. 132 riguardano da un lato la fase della formazione di sistemi e modelli di intelligenza artificiale (IA), dall’altro quella della realizzazione di opere tramite intelligenza artificiale. La riforma viene letta alla luce della normativa europea, in particolare del Regolamento UE 2024/1689, noto come Artificial Intelligence Act, nonché della Direttiva UE 2019/790. In questa prospettiva, si analizzano i problemi legati alla tutela dei diritti sulle opere utilizzate in fase di addestramento dell’IA ed il ruolo fondamentale delle eccezioni per text and data mining nel sistema nazionale ed europeo, in considerazione di molteplici casi giurisprudenziali. Lo stesso tema viene affrontato in riferimento a diversi ordinamenti, come quello statunitense e cinese, valutando il rilievo di vari fattori, soprattutto delle misure preventive adottate per evitare violazioni dei diritti d’autore. Infine, si concentra l’attenzione sulla tutelabilità dell’opera realizzata attraverso l’uso di intelligenza artificiale e sull’individuabilità dell’impronta dell’autore umano.
Diritto d'autore ed intelligenza artificiale: l'art. 25 della legge 132 del 23 settembre 2025
Mongillo
2025-01-01
Abstract
The amendments recently made to the italian copyright law by Article 25 of Law No. 132 of 2025 concern, on the one hand, the training phase of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and models, and, on the other, the creation of works using AI. The reform is interpreted in light of European legislation, in particular Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, known as the Artificial Intelligence Act, as well as Directive (EU) 2019/790. From this perspective, the issues related to the protection of rights on works used in the AI training phase and the fundamental role of text and data mining exceptions in the national and European systems are analyzed, taking into account numerous case law. The same topic is addressed with reference to other legal systems, such as those of the United States and China, assessing the relevance of various factors, especially the preventive measures adopted to avoid copyright infringement. Finally, attention is focused on the protectability of works created through the use of artificial intelligence and on the identifiability of the human author’s imprint.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


