Between the end of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century, many studies appeared on the conditions of backwardness in Southern Italy, the main parliamentary debates on the subject, and the adoption of measures to revive the southern economy and bring about the “resurgence of the Mezzogiorno”. The analysis on the origins of the “Mezzogiorno case study” was dominated by the idea, shared by most of the historians, intellectuals, and commentators of the time, that the responsibility for the Mezzogiorno’s lack of economic and social development was attributable to government policy. On the economic plan, the theses put forward had two possible explanations: an antiprotectionist- liberalist one, which also implied a priority of the agrarian question over that of the area’s industrial development; and an interventionist one, which often took the form of industrialism. Despite the measures taken in the early 1900s, the condition of backwardness in the South remained a relevant issue until the advent of fascism when it was officially declared resolved and consequently no longer the object of analysis and proposals for intervention. Instead, the North-South gap persisted. On this evidence, the aim of the work is to investigate the twenty years of darkness of the “southern question” during the fascist period, both from a theoretical and interpretative perspective.
Tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi anni del Novecento si concentrarono molti degli studi sulle condizioni di arretratezza del Sud Italia, le principali discussioni parlamentari in tema, l’adozione dei provvedimenti per risollevare l’economia meridionale e realizzare il “risorgimento del Mezzogiorno”. L’indagine sulle cause da cui originava la “questione” era dominata dall’idea, condivisa da gran parte degli storici, intellettuali e commentatori dell’epoca, che la responsabilità del mancato sviluppo economico e sociale del Mezzogiorno fosse attribuibile alla politica del Governo. Sul piano economico, le tesi avanzate trovavano sintesi in due posizioni: antiprotezionista-liberista, che sottintendeva anche una priorità della questione agraria rispetto a quella dello sviluppo industriale dell’area; interventista, che spesso si declinava in termini di industrialismo. Nonostante i provvedimenti adottati nei primi anni del 1900, la condizione di arretratezza del Sud rimaneva ancora una questione rilevante e rimase tale fino all’avvento del fascismo quando fu ufficialmente dichiarata risolta e conseguentemente non più oggetto di analisi e proposte di intervento. Il divario Nord-Sud è invece persistente. Su questa evidenza, l’obiettivo del lavoro è di indagare sui venti anni di buio della “questione meridionale” durante il periodo fascista, sia in chiave teorica che interpretativa.
La “questione meridionale” nel dibattito italiano durante il periodo fascista
Carmen Vita
2023-01-01
Abstract
Between the end of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century, many studies appeared on the conditions of backwardness in Southern Italy, the main parliamentary debates on the subject, and the adoption of measures to revive the southern economy and bring about the “resurgence of the Mezzogiorno”. The analysis on the origins of the “Mezzogiorno case study” was dominated by the idea, shared by most of the historians, intellectuals, and commentators of the time, that the responsibility for the Mezzogiorno’s lack of economic and social development was attributable to government policy. On the economic plan, the theses put forward had two possible explanations: an antiprotectionist- liberalist one, which also implied a priority of the agrarian question over that of the area’s industrial development; and an interventionist one, which often took the form of industrialism. Despite the measures taken in the early 1900s, the condition of backwardness in the South remained a relevant issue until the advent of fascism when it was officially declared resolved and consequently no longer the object of analysis and proposals for intervention. Instead, the North-South gap persisted. On this evidence, the aim of the work is to investigate the twenty years of darkness of the “southern question” during the fascist period, both from a theoretical and interpretative perspective.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.