Electrical and optical characterization of DNA molecules as a function of concentration in aqueous solution

We present experimental data on the electrical and optical behavior of circular and linear plasmid DNA molecules embedded in an aqueous matrix. From the electrical point of view, the results indicate that the presence of water is essential when the DNA concentration is not sufficient to ensure conduction patterns, consistent with the conduction mechanisms proposed for DNA molecules. In fact, as droplets are layered on the substrate, a nonlinear behavior of the current-voltage curves is observed; when water evaporates, the conductivity decreases to a very low value that resembles the high resistivity of the substrate. As more droplets are added, the current increases giving higher conductivity, as expected, since more molecules participate into the conduction process. The conduction behavior of DNA could be due to a tunneling transport of charges inside the molecule, the tunneling barrier being the adenine-thymine bridge between consecutive guanine-cytosine base pairs. A hopping channel, activated by the water surrounding the molecules, could act as an additional mechanism between different molecules. Optical reflectance measurements, performed in the wavelength range 230–450 nm on dried samples, obtained by complete evaporation of the aqueous matrix containing plasmid DNA under UV-VIS light, reveal absorption in the wavelength range 230–300 nm, typical of DNA-based materials. Moreover, in correspondence of the absorption region, the higher the DNA concentration, the higher the reflectance reduction. This suggests that the DNA concentration strongly influences the spectral behavior of biological layers. Finally, we present preliminary results exploiting the possibility to control the morphological and optical features of DNA layers by means of proper lighting procedures. Both electrical and optical measurements indicate that the DNA concentration is a crucial parameter for technical applications. The results reported here provide a contribution for the possible use of DNA molecules in the field of electro-optical biosensors.

We present experimental data on the electrical and optical behavior of circular and linear plasmid DNA molecules embedded in an aqueous matrix. From the electrical point of view, the results indicate that the presence of water is essential when the DNA concentration is not sufficient to ensure conduction patterns, consistent with the conduction mechanisms proposed for DNA molecules. In fact, as droplets are layered on the substrate, a nonlinear behavior of the current-voltage curves is observed; when water evaporates, the conductivity decreases to a very low value that resembles the high resistivity of the substrate. As more droplets are added, the current increases giving higher conductivity, as expected, since more molecules participate into the conduction process. The conduction behavior of DNA could be due to a tunneling transport of charges inside the molecule, the tunneling barrier being the adenine-thymine bridge between consecutive guanine-cytosine base pairs. A hopping channel, activated by the water surrounding the molecules, could act as an additional mechanism between different molecules. Optical reflectance measurements, performed in the wavelength range 230-450 nm on dried samples, obtained by complete evaporation of the aqueous matrix containing plasmid DNA under UV-VIS light, reveal absorption in the wavelength range 230-300 nm, typical of DNA-based materials. Moreover, in correspondence of the absorption region, the higher the DNA concentration, the higher the reflectance reduction. This suggests that the DNA concentration strongly influences the spectral behavior of biological layers. Finally, we present preliminary results exploiting the possibility to control the morphological and optical features of DNA layers by means of proper lighting procedures. Both electrical and optical measurements indicate that the DNA concentration is a crucial parameter for technical applications. The results reported here provide a contribution for the possible use of DNA molecules in the field of electro-optical biosensors. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3563064]