The paper, noting the existence of “digital products”, tries to study the existence and the characteristics of a “digital good”, and therefore of a “digital patrimony”, and in particular of a “digital public good” that can give life, consequently, to the hypothesis of a “digital public heritage”, and to do so it focuses on “digitalized” goods, that is, already existing in material form and subjected to a technological process of transposition. Placed in the context of the legal studies that paper on the theoretical distinction between goods and things, it analyzes the evolution of that knowledge, connected with the possibilities brought by technological innovations, which point out the two dimensions that apparently concern only one object (the “analogical” original one), that separately and distinctly circulate and stay in the world, generate meaning and value, are used, are the object of work, of exchanges and contracts, of detention and possession, even of discussion and critics: once (re-)structured in digital form the good is freed from its original “thinghood”, and assumes the role of an object in itself, with its own support and immaterial and performative characters that make it well distinguished, complex good. The essay is limited to the digitalization of the public cultural good, treating it as a paradigm, or rather a test case, suitable for isolating and detecting the characters that can connote, by empirical generalization, the digital public good, noting that the digitized ones are not “intangible cultural goods”, but which do not even consist of mere reproduction, due to the inevitable intercession of the reproductive mechanics of digitalization, and the possibility of adding a series of potentialities of use, study, perceptive experiences, contents and cognitive tools. The paper hypothesizes that those transformed in digital are properly and technically goods in a legal sense, endowed with their own identity, and that they have a dimension and a value related to knowledge: there is a “digitized cultural good”, which is a documentary object bearing images and knowledge with a cultural content drawn from the immaterial dimension of the basic one and, especially if public, constitutes a form of offer for its fruition, a possibility of valorization, and since it can be the object of functions, rights and juridical relations, it needs special protection techniques, and can be managed. It therefore analyzes the characteristics of that goods, and tries to deduce a discipline of the functions that concern them from the current legislation, disclosing the disconnections with respect to the legal regime of “basic” goods, and the peculiarities that invest those born by digitalization, relative to the constitution, various forms of use, protection, management of them.
Il lavoro, rilevando l’esistenza di “prodotti digitali”, prova a studiare la esistenza ed i caratteri di un “bene digitale”, e dunque di un “patrimonio digitale”, ed in particolare di un “bene pubblico digitale” che possa dar vita, in conseguenza, all’ipotesi di un “patrimonio pubblico digitale”, e per farlo si concentra sui beni “digitalizzati”, ovvero già sussistenti in forma materica e sottoposti ad un processo tecnologico di trasposizione. Collocandosi nel contesto del filone di studi che hanno lavorato sulla distinzione teorica tra beni e cose, analizza le evoluzioni di quelle conoscenze, connesse con le possibilità recate dalle innovazioni tecnologiche, che fanno rilevare le due dimensioni che apparentemente riguardano un solo oggetto (l’originale “analogico”), le quali circolano e stanno nel mondo, generano senso e valore, vengono usate, sono oggetto di lavoro, di scambi e contratti, di detenzione e maneggio, persino di discussione e critica, indipendentemente l’una dall’altra: una volta (ri-)strutturato in forma digitale il bene si affranca dalla sua “cosità” originale, e assuma veste di oggetto a se’, con un suo proprio supporto e caratteri immateriali e performativi che lo rendono distinto bene complesso. L’indagine viene circoscritta alla digitalizzazione del bene culturale pubblico, trattandola come un paradigma, o meglio una sonda di ricerca, adatta ad isolare e rilevare i caratteri che possono connotare, per generalizzazione empirica, il bene pubblico digitale, rilevando che quelli digitalizzati non siano “beni culturali immateriali”, ma che non consistano nemmeno in una mera riproduzione, per l’inevitabile intercessione della meccanica riproduttiva della digitalizzazione, e per la possibilità di aggiungere una serie di potenzialità di fruizione, di studio, di esperienze percettive, di contenuti e strumenti cognitivi. Lo studio ipotizza che quelli costituiti in digitale siano propriamente e tecnicamente beni in senso giuridico, dotati di una propria identità; e che abbiano una dimensione, un valore, di conoscenza: esiste un “bene culturale digitalizzato”, che è un oggetto documentale portatore di immagini e conoscenza a contenuto culturale attinta dalla dimensione immateriale di quello di base e, soprattutto se pubblico, costituisce una forma di offerta alla sua fruizione, una possibilità di valorizzazione, e poiché che può essere oggetto di funzioni, diritti e relazioni giuridiche, ha bisogno di particolari esercizi di tutela e può essere gestito. Analizza perciò i caratteri di tali beni, e prova a dedurre una disciplina delle funzioni che li riguardano dalla normativa vigente, rilevando le disconnessioni rispetto al regime giuridico dei beni “di base”, e le peculiarità che investono quelli nati con la digitalizzazione, relativamente alla costituzione, alle varie forme di utilizzo, alla tutela, alla gestione.
Il bene culturale pubblico digitalizzato: note per uno studio giuridico
Pierpaolo Forte
2019-01-01
Abstract
The paper, noting the existence of “digital products”, tries to study the existence and the characteristics of a “digital good”, and therefore of a “digital patrimony”, and in particular of a “digital public good” that can give life, consequently, to the hypothesis of a “digital public heritage”, and to do so it focuses on “digitalized” goods, that is, already existing in material form and subjected to a technological process of transposition. Placed in the context of the legal studies that paper on the theoretical distinction between goods and things, it analyzes the evolution of that knowledge, connected with the possibilities brought by technological innovations, which point out the two dimensions that apparently concern only one object (the “analogical” original one), that separately and distinctly circulate and stay in the world, generate meaning and value, are used, are the object of work, of exchanges and contracts, of detention and possession, even of discussion and critics: once (re-)structured in digital form the good is freed from its original “thinghood”, and assumes the role of an object in itself, with its own support and immaterial and performative characters that make it well distinguished, complex good. The essay is limited to the digitalization of the public cultural good, treating it as a paradigm, or rather a test case, suitable for isolating and detecting the characters that can connote, by empirical generalization, the digital public good, noting that the digitized ones are not “intangible cultural goods”, but which do not even consist of mere reproduction, due to the inevitable intercession of the reproductive mechanics of digitalization, and the possibility of adding a series of potentialities of use, study, perceptive experiences, contents and cognitive tools. The paper hypothesizes that those transformed in digital are properly and technically goods in a legal sense, endowed with their own identity, and that they have a dimension and a value related to knowledge: there is a “digitized cultural good”, which is a documentary object bearing images and knowledge with a cultural content drawn from the immaterial dimension of the basic one and, especially if public, constitutes a form of offer for its fruition, a possibility of valorization, and since it can be the object of functions, rights and juridical relations, it needs special protection techniques, and can be managed. It therefore analyzes the characteristics of that goods, and tries to deduce a discipline of the functions that concern them from the current legislation, disclosing the disconnections with respect to the legal regime of “basic” goods, and the peculiarities that invest those born by digitalization, relative to the constitution, various forms of use, protection, management of them.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.