Résumés Ce travail a pour objectif d'étudier les rapports entre la sensibilité des versants aux mouvements de masse et différents facteurs, dont le régime pluviométrique, dans une région de l'Apennin méridional caractérisée par sa grande complexité litho-structurale. Le régime des précipitations a été défini à partir de séries de données de longue durée, qui ont permis de calculer de nombreux indices climatiques. Parmi eux, sont présentés ici ceux qui ont une importance particulière en matière de déclenchement et de développement des phénomènes d'érosion. L'utilisation d'un Système d'Information Géographique a permis d'élaborer une carte de sensibilité aux mouvements de masse, qui associe différentes couches d'information. Cette carte reprend des documents intermédiaires qui définissent le milieu (carte des unités physiographiques et carte des systèmes territoriaux). Mais elle leur surimpose la localisation des évènements (écoulements boueux, coulées boueuses, glissements de terrain et éboulements) répertoriés dans la base informatisée IFFI qui regroupe tous les évènements connus, récents ou attestés par les archives historiques. Sur les 122 évènements précisément datés de la base AVI (1941-2000), 21 se sont produits en novembre 1980 et 37 en janvier 1997. Les premiers sont en rapport avec le fort séisme qui a frappé l'Italie du Sud le 23 novembre 1980. Les seconds correspondent à des précipitations mensuelles abondantes, mais pas exceptionnelles, sur le bassin du Miscano, ce qui traduit l'inadéquation des pluies mensuelles pour définir l'agressivité pluviométrique. Les données de base et les cartes obtenues font ressortir l'importance de la lithologie et du relief dans la répartition spatiale des évènements. Les précipitations ne sont pas suffisamment hétérogènes à l'échelle du terrain d'étude pour constituer un facteur réellement discriminant. Les évènements sont particulièrement nombreux sur les terrains argileux ou marneux sur des pentes fortes. Ils sont rares, en revanche, sur les pentes très faibles des parties aval des bassins de l'Ufita et du Calaggio.
Abstract This work studies the relationship between the sensibility of slopes to mass movement and different factors, including rainfall regime, in a part of the Southern Apennines characterized by a high litho-structural complexity. Rainfall regime has been defined from a series of long-term data, which have made it possible to calculate a number of climatic levels. Here are presented those that are of particular importance in triggering and development of erosion phenomena. Using GIS technology, we have developed a map of sensibility to mass movements, which associates different information layers. This map is constructed through other intermediate maps (map of the physiographic units, map of the territorial systems), but it superimposes the location of the mass movements (mud flows, debris flows, landslides, rock-falls) listed in the IFFI database which includes all known events, recent or attested by historical archives. Of the 122 events precisely dated of the AVI database (1941-2000), 21 occurred in November 1980 and 37 in January 1997. The first are the consequence of the strong earthquake that struck Southern Italy in November 23, 1980. The others correspond to abundant but no exceptional monthly rainfall in the Miscano basin, reflecting the inadequacy of the monthly values to define the rainfall aggressiveness. The data and maps obtained emphasize the importance of lithology and relief of the survey in the spatial distribution of mass movements. Rainfall is not a really discriminating factor on the study area. The events of instability are particularly numerous on the clayey and marly slopes steeply inclined. On the contrary, they are rare on the very slightly inclined slopes of the downstream part of the Ufita and Calaggio basins.
Sensibilité aux mouvements de masse dans l'Apennin méridional (Campanie, Italie). Exemple des bassins versants de l'Ufita, du Miscano et du Calaggio
RUSSO F.
2014-01-01
Abstract
Abstract This work studies the relationship between the sensibility of slopes to mass movement and different factors, including rainfall regime, in a part of the Southern Apennines characterized by a high litho-structural complexity. Rainfall regime has been defined from a series of long-term data, which have made it possible to calculate a number of climatic levels. Here are presented those that are of particular importance in triggering and development of erosion phenomena. Using GIS technology, we have developed a map of sensibility to mass movements, which associates different information layers. This map is constructed through other intermediate maps (map of the physiographic units, map of the territorial systems), but it superimposes the location of the mass movements (mud flows, debris flows, landslides, rock-falls) listed in the IFFI database which includes all known events, recent or attested by historical archives. Of the 122 events precisely dated of the AVI database (1941-2000), 21 occurred in November 1980 and 37 in January 1997. The first are the consequence of the strong earthquake that struck Southern Italy in November 23, 1980. The others correspond to abundant but no exceptional monthly rainfall in the Miscano basin, reflecting the inadequacy of the monthly values to define the rainfall aggressiveness. The data and maps obtained emphasize the importance of lithology and relief of the survey in the spatial distribution of mass movements. Rainfall is not a really discriminating factor on the study area. The events of instability are particularly numerous on the clayey and marly slopes steeply inclined. On the contrary, they are rare on the very slightly inclined slopes of the downstream part of the Ufita and Calaggio basins.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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